Co-authored by Carl K. Buckner, Kenneth A. Connors, John Parascandola, Glenn Sonnedecker, and George Zografi.
Chapters
1. The Founding
Once [Frederick B.] Power had established the requirements of the program and made announcements for the teaching of the courses, he was able to prepare an announcement of the program for distribution to prospective students. In late August the state association mailed a copy of the first annual announcement of the School to every pharmacist in Wisconsin. ... Preparations could not be completed in time to begin the pharmacy course when the University's year began on September 5, so the opening date was postponed about one month. On October 1, 1883, the Wisconsin State Journal reported that the "recently established pharmaceutical department of the university was opened today," and the first lectures were held on the following day. Twenty-eight students ... enrolled. The University of Wisconsin's School of Pharmacy had been launched.
- John Parascandola (page 29)
2. Administration and Resources
There is no evidence of formal and regular faculty meetings where minutes were taken. [Edward] Kremers ran his department in the classic European style, where the "Professor" was the dominant figure in all respects. He determined educational policy, supervised all scholarly activity, aggressively represented the school to the University administration and to the Wisconsin Pharmaceutical Association, and was a prominent figure at the national and international level. In contrast to Power, he was very forceful and often impatient with situations that unnecessarily delayed reform. ... We cannot know whether he would have been even more effective as an administrator, in gaining financial support and physical facilities, had he possessed greater diplomacy ...but there is no doubt of the quality of those who were trained by him, and there can be no doubt of the lasting impact he had on the School of Pharmacy...
- George Zografi (page 41)
3. The Curriculum
Although pharmacy graduates now [1930s] went forth armed with a science-based baccalaureate degree, their place in medical care was scarcely clarified. An after-effect of the industrial revolution was removing the preparation of dosage forms from community pharmacies. ... Goaded by uncertainties ... organized pharmacy recruited the American Council on Education to undertake a remarkable national study of the profession and its educational system during the 1940s. The resultant "Pharmaceutical Survey 1946-49" made a recommendation that influenced curricular development at Wisconsin and elsewhere. It held that educators should "continue their efforts for the constructive betterment of the existing four-year program of education and training, leading to the professional degree Doctor of Pharmacy...." This ambivalent conclusion reflected divided opinion abut curriculum length ... and it fostered, inadvertently, a movement nationally toward a five-year curriculum as a compromise.
- Glenn Sonnedecker (page 81)
4. The Students
Perhaps no one living today can relate completely to the times as they existed in 1883 when the first students of pharmacy began study in Madison. This was a period with minimal noise, light, and air pollution, a time when mechanization and "modern conveniences" were just beginning to emerge. Madison had a population of about 12,000 and the countryside outside of the isthmus was thinly inhabited. The most common means of transportation was walking, although the horse-drawn street car would soon begin operation. For those who could afford it, a horse and carriage could be rented at Kentzler's livery. High-wheeled bicycles were in vogue. Distant communication was mainly by telegraph, since the telephone was a novelty to Madison residents. Lighting was provided by kerosene lamps and by illuminating gas. Running water and bathrooms were not universally available in student residences.
The "Ladies and Gentlemen" of the university were expected to observe the Victorian norm and behave with dignity. Instances of excess were few. Although there was a brewery on State Street with a saloon attached ... drinking in public was done by men only. Intoxication was allegedly infrequent and held in disapproval by student opinion. Men smoked pipes and cigars and a few chewed tobacco, but smoking among the ladies was unknown, at least publicly.
- Carl Buckner (page 102)
5. Research and Graduate Study
In the two-decade period 1913 to 1933 a remarkable research organization developed and flourished at the School of Pharmacy in Madison. The organization ... was called the Wisconsin Pharmaceutical Experiment Station; it was patterned after state agriculture stations, but it was the first such venture in the pharmaceutical field in the United States. Edward Kremers was its director and driving force.
Although the statutory origin of the Pharmaceutical Experiment Station may be placed at 1913, the development stage went back to 1895. ... In 1909 this ... project was undertaken on a two and one-half acre site in Camp Randall, chosen, it was said, "not because it afforded good soil but because it was agreed upon by all that this was the one spot on the campus where the garden would be least likely of disturbance...." The Pharmaceutical Experiment Station served as the research branch of the department of pharmacy. ... Some of the staff were evidently jointly appointed with the station and the department, as indicated by this 1917-18 proposed budget:
Director, Edward Kremers |
|
Chemist, Emerson R. Miller |
$800 |
Pharmacist, Henry A. Langerhan |
100 |
Pharmacognosist, Rollin H. Denniston |
100 |
Stenographer, Irene Dengel |
480 |
Gardener, George Bents |
600 |
Horse |
100 |
Equipment and supplies |
320 |
$2500 |
- Kenneth A. Connors (page 144)